Impaired working memory (WM) plays a crucial role in normal aging, in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive decline associated with dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aging-related differences in WM are hypothesized to be derived from various neurobiological roots, from which the alterations in the dynamic interplay between the large-scale brain networks have proven an important role. Recent studies have shown that cerebellar stimulation could further modulate the parts of large-scale brain networks. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods are capable of modulation of brain plasticity and activity. We hypothesize that we will be able to identify a multifocal NIBS
protocol that can improve working memory. By successive and concurrent stimulation of multiple brain regions by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and/or
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) we will study dynamic interaction between distinct cortico-cortical and subcortico-cortical brain areas. By leveraging the mechanistic aspects derived from multifocal stimulation, we aim to develop a novel closed-loop procedure utilizing EEG and tACS that would inject current based on the 'online' status of the fronto-parietal domain general nodes in healthy seniors and MCI-AD patients.

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