Publication details
Metabolism of obeticholic acid in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus)
| Authors | |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | 2019 |
| Type | Article in Periodical |
| Magazine / Source | Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Web | Full Text |
| Doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05398-2 |
| Keywords | Obeticholic acid; Metabolites; Fish; Ameiurus nebulosus; UPLC; HRMS |
| Description | Analysis of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) bile by ultra performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/HRMS) revealed a series of bile acids similar to those found in humans. Accordingly, we chose this fish as a model organism to examine the metabolism of obeticholic acid, a bile acid used to treat a number of human liver diseases and the one that has the potential to occur as an environmental contaminant. The taurine and glycine conjugates of obeticholic acid and keto-obeticholic acid were identified, as well as the d-cysteinolic acid conjugate of obeticholic acid, likely a metabolite specific to fish. In addition, metabolites of obeticholic acid (sulphate and glucuronide) and several hydroxy-obeticholic acid derivatives were found, representing typical pathways of primary and secondary steroid metabolism. Brown bullhead exposed to obeticholic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg gave no overt signs of distress or toxicity. |