Publication details

Linking European building activity with plague history

Authors	LJUNGQVIST Fredrik Charpentier TEGEL Willy KRUSIC Paul J. SEIM Andrea GSCHWIND Friederike M. HANECA Kristof HERZIG Franz HEUSSNER Karl-Uwe HOFMANN Jutta HOUBRECHTS David KONTIC Raymond KYNCL Tomas LEUSCHNER Hanns Hubert NICOLUSSI Kurt PERRAULT Christophe PFEIFER Klaus SCHMIDHALTER Martin SEIFERT Mathias WALDER Felix WESTPHAL Thorsten BÜNTGEN Ulf
Year of publication	2018
Type	Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source	Journal of Archaeological Science
MU Faculty or unit	Faculty of Science
Citation
Web	Full Text
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.08.006
Keywords	Cultural heritage; Dendrochronology; Felling dates; Historical demography; Late Medieval Crisis; Thirty Years' War; Yersinia pestis
Description	Variations in building activity reflect demographic, economic and social change during history. Tens of thousands of wooden constructions in Europe have been dendrochronologically dated in recent decades. We use the annually precise evidence from a unique dataset of 49 640 tree felling dates of historical constructions to reconstruct temporal changes in building activity between 1250 and 1699 CE across a large part of western and central Europe largely corresponding to the former Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Comparison with annual records of 9772 plague outbreaks shows that construction activity was significantly negatively correlated to the number of plague outbreaks, with the greatest decrease in construction following the larger outbreaks by three to four years after the start of the epidemics. Preceding the Black Death (1346-1353 CE) by five decades and the Great Famine (1315-1322 CE) by two decades, a significant decline in construction activity at c. 1300 CE is indicative of a societal crisis, associated with population stagnation or decline. Another dramatic decline in building activity coincides with the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648 CE) and confirms the devastating nature of this conflict. While construction activity was significantly lower during periods of high grain prices, no statistically robust relationship between the number of felling dates and past temperature or hydroclimate variations is found. This study demonstrates the value of dendrochronological felling dates as an indicator for times of crisis and prosperity during periods when documentary evidence is limited.