Publication details

Industrial source identification of polyhalogenated carbazoles and preliminary assessment of their global emissions

Authors

SUN Yuxiang YANG Lili ZHENG Minghui WEBER Roland FALANDYSZ Jerzy LAMMEL Gerhard ZHAO Chenyan CHEN Changzhi YANG Qiuting LIU Guorui

Year of publication 2023
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Nature Communications
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39491-5
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39491-5
Keywords HALOGENATED INDIGO DYES; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; LIKELY SOURCE; SEDIMENTS; TETRABROMOCARBAZOLE; CHLOROCARBAZOLES; PCDD/FS
Description Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are emerging global pollutants found in environmental matrices, e.g., 3000 tonnes of PHCZs have been detected in the sediments of the Great Lakes. Recognition of PHCZ emissions from ongoing industrial activities worldwide is still lacking. Here, we identify and quantify PHCZ emissions from 13 large-scale industries, 12 of which previously have no data. Congener profiles of PHCZs from investigated industrial sources are clarified, which enables apportioning of PHCZ sources. Annual PHCZ emissions from major industries are estimated on the basis of derived emission factors and then mapped globally. Coke production is a prime PHCZ emitter of 9229g/yr, followed by iron ore sintering with a PHCZ emission of 3237g/yr. China, Australia, Japan, India, USA, and Russia are found to be significant emitters through these industrial activities. PHCZ pollution is potentially a global human health and environmental issue.

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