Konzervační látky přípravků farmaceutických a kosmetických z dermatoalergologického pohledu

• Title in English: Preservatives in pharmaceutic and cosmetic products from a dermatoallergologic point of view
• Authors: DASTYCHOVÁ Eliška
• Year of publication: 2015
• Type: Article in Periodical
• Magazine / Source: Česká dermatovenerologie
• MU Faculty or unit: Faculty of Medicine
• Field: Dermatovenerology
• Keywords: contact eczema; contact sensibilisation; preservatives
• Description: Preserving both externally used drugs and widely used cosmetics is a difficult issue, involving aspects of physical chemistry, bio-toxicology and dermatology. Adverse effects of preservatives in the form of irritation and contact sensibilisation are mostly encountered in patients with impaired barrier functions of the skin, i. e. mostly in patients with eczemas, patients with chronic venal insufficiency accompanied by ulceration or stasis dermatitis, rosaceiform dermatitis of the face or senile atrophic skin. It is thus necessary to devote great care to the selection of suitable preservatives for both externally applied drugs and cosmetics. Parabens are still widely used, due to their low sensibilisation potential (the frequency of sensibilisation in the Czech Republic was 0.8% in 2013). Another group are formaldehyde releasing preservatives, like quaternium 15 (1.2%), bronopol (0.6%), diazolidinylurea (0.2%), imidazolidinylurea (0.3%), DMD-hydantoin (0.3%) and rarely even formaldehyde itself. There is a growing number of adverse reactions to isothiazolinone derivates like chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone(5.5%). Other preservatives include benzalkonium chloride, phenoxyethanol, chloracetamide, chlorokresol, sorbicacid, triclosan, iodine propinylbutylcarbamate, benzylalcohol, sometimes glutaraldehyde; from antioxidants, the following have preservative effects: galates, bytul-hydroxianizol and butylhydroxitoluen. Their sensibilisation potential is low, but the possibility cannot be ignored.