Publication details
Ženy, muži a imunita
| Title in English | Women, men and immunity |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Year of publication | 2015 |
| Type | Article in Periodical |
| Magazine / Source | Alergie |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Field | Immunology |
| Keywords | sexual dimorphism; autoimmune diseases; allergic diseases; vaccination; oestrogens; androgens; X-chromosome; miRNA |
| Description | The biological differences between males and females are an important source of variation affecting the immune response. In general, females typically develop higher innate, cell- mediated and humoral immune response than males. These differences are manifested as a more effective defense against infectious diseases but also as a higher readiness for inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases. Sex based differences in vaccine efficacy, adverse events, and humoral immune response after immunization have been reported for many vaccines. Genetic, hormonal and environmental factors contribute to sex differences in immune function and disease pathogenesis.The expression of X--linked genes. miRKA, epigenetic modulation as well as sex hormones, estrogens and androgens, through hormone receptors in immune cells, can affect responses to immunological stimuli differently in males and females. As evidenced by recent research, the physiological commensal microhiota contributes significantly to defining an immune response. Sex influences multiple aspects of the immunophenotype and must be consider as an integral component of an immune response. Despite data supporting sex based differences in innate and adaptive immune re¬sponse, sex differences in biomedical and clinical research are yet often overlooked. |