Publication details

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Pathophysiological Insights From Optical Coherence Tomography

Authors	JACKSON Robert AL-HUSSAINI Abtehale JOSEPH Shiju VAN SOEST Gijs WOOD Alice MACAYA Fernando GONZALO Nieves CADE Jamil CAIXETA Adriano HLINOMAZ Ota LEINVEBER Pavel O KANE Peter GARCIA-GUIMARAES Marcos CORTESE Bernardo SAMANI Nilesh J. ESCANED Javier ALFONSO Fernando JOHNSON Thomas ADLAM David
Year of publication	2019
Type	Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source	JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
MU Faculty or unit	Faculty of Medicine
Citation
Web	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.015
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.015
Keywords	intracoronary imaging; optical coherence tomography; spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Description	OBJECTIVES This study used optical coherence tomography to investigate the mechanism of false lumen (FL) formation in spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) by studying: 1) differences between fenestrated and nonfenestrated SCAD; 2) vasa vasorum density; and 3) light attenuation characteristics of the FL. BACKGROUND SCAD is an increasingly recognized cause of acute coronary syndromes, characterized by FL formation and compression of the true lumen (TL). The mechanisms underlying FL formation remain poorly understood. METHODS A total of 65 SCAD patients (68 vessels) who underwent acute OCT imaging as part of routine clinical care were included. Images were classified by the absence or presence of a connection (fenestration) between the TL and FL. Indexed measurements of TL stenosis, external elastic lamina (EEL) area, FL area, and light attenuation of the FL were assessed. Vasa vasorum densities of SCAD cases were compared with those in control non-SCAD myocardial infarction cases. RESULTS In nonfenestrated cases, there was significantly larger expansion of the EEL area (9.1% vs. -1.9%; p<0.05) and a larger FL area (73.6% vs. 53.2%, respectively; p<0.05) in dissected segments. No significant differences were found between vasa vasorum density in SCAD and those in control subjects. The FL contents were heterogeneous but attenuated less light than whole blood or thrombus (4.28 +/- 0.55 mm(-1) vs. 5.08 +/- 0.56 mm(-1); p < 0.05; vs. 4.96 +/- 0.56 mm(-1); p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These observational data suggest that the absence of a fenestration leads to increased FL pressure and compression of the TL. Although vasa vasorum may still be implicated in pathogenesis, increased vasa vasorum density could be an epiphenomenon of vascular healing. (C) 2019 the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.