Publication details

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

Authors	SWAMI Viren TRAN Ulrich S STIEGER Stefan AAVIK Toivo RANJBAR Hamed Abdollahpour ADEBAYO Sulaiman Olanrewaju AFHAMI Reza AHMED Oli AIMÉ Annie AKEL Marwan HALBUSI Hussam Al ALEXIAS George ALI Khawla F ALP-DAL Nursel ALSALHANI Anas B ÁLVARES-SOLAS Sara AMARAL Ana Carolina Soares ANDRIANTO Sonny ASPDEN Trefor ARGYRIDES Marios ARUTA John Jamir Benzon R ATKIN Stephen AYANDELE Olusola BACEVICIENE Migle BAHBOUH Radvan BALLESIO Andrea BARRON David BELLARD Ashleigh BENDER Sóley Sesselja BEYDAG Kerime Derya BIROVLJEVIĆ Gorana MARIE-EVE Blackburn BORJA-ALVAREZ Teresita BOROWIEC Joanna BOZOGÁŇOVÁ Miroslava BRATLAND-SANDA Solfrid BROWNING Matthew H E M BRYTEK-MATERA Anna BURAKOVA Marina ÇAKIR-KOÇAK Yeliz CAMACHO Pablo CAMILLERI Vittorio Emanuele CAZZATO Valentina CEREA Silvia CHAIWUTIKORNWANICH Apitchaya CHALEERAKTRAKOON Trawin CHAMBERS Tim QING-WEI Chen CHEN Xin CHIN-LUNG Chien CHOBTHAMKIT Phatthanakit CHOOMPUNUCH Bovornpot COMPTE Emilio J CORRIGAN Jennifer COSMAS Getrude COWDEN Richard G CZEPCZOR-BERNAT Kamila CZUB Marcin SILVA Wanderson Roberto da DADFAR Mahboubeh DALLEY Simon E DANY Lionel DATU Jesus Alfonso D CARVALHO Pedro Henrique Berbert de COELHO Gabriel Lins de Holanda JESUS Avila Odia S De DEBBABI Sonia Harzallah DHAKAL Sandesh BERNARDO Francesca Di DIMITROVA Donka D DION Jacinthe DIXSON Barnaby DONOFRIO Stacey M DRYSCH Marius DU Hongfei DZHAMBOV Angel M EL-JOR Claire ENEA Violeta ESKIN Mehmet FARBOD Farinaz FARRUGIA Lorleen FIAN Leonie FISHER Maryanne L FOLWARCZNY Michał FREDERICK David A FULLER-TYSZKIEWICZ Matthew FURNHAM Adrian GARCÍA Antonio Alías GELLER Shulamit GHISI Marta GHORBANI Alireza MARTINEZ Maria Angeles Gomez GRADIDGE Sarah GRAF Sylvie GRANO Caterina GYENE Gyöngyvér HALLIT Souheil HAMDAN Motasem HANDELZALTS Jonathan E HANEL Paul H P HAWKS Steven R HEKMATI Issa HELMY Mai HILL Tetiana HINA Farah HOLENWEGER Geraldine HŘEBÍČKOVÁ Martina IJABADENIYI Olasupo Augustine IMAM Asma INCE Başak IRRAZABAL Natalia JANKAUSKIENE Rasa DING-YU Jiang JIMÉNEZ-BORJA Micaela JIMÉNEZ-BORJA Verónica JOHNSON Evan M JOVANOVIĆ Veljko JOVIĆ Marija JOVIĆ Marko JUNQUEIRA Alessandra Costa Pereira LISA-MARIE Kahle KANTANISTA Adam KARAKIRAZ Ahmet KARKIN Ayşe Nur KASTEN Erich KHATIB Salam KHIEOWAN Nuannut KIMONG Patricia Joseph KIROPOULOS Litza KNITTEL Joshua KOHLI Neena KOPRIVNIK Mirjam KOSPAKOV Aituar KRÓL-ZIELIŃSKA Magdalena KRUG Isabel KUAN Garry KUEH Yee Cheng KUJAN Omar KUKIĆ Miljana KUMAR Sanjay KUMAR Vipul LAMBA Nishtha LAURI Mary Anne LAUS Maria Fernanda LEBLANC Liza April LEE Hyejoo J LIPOWSKA Małgorzata LIPOWSKI Mariusz LOMBARDO Caterina LUKÁCS Andrea MAIANO Christophe MALIK Sadia MANJARY Mandar BALDÓ Lidia Márquez MARTINEZ-BANFI Martha MASSAR Karlijn MATERA Camila MCANIRLIN Olivia MEBARAK Moisés Roberto MECHRI Anwar MEIRELES Juliana Fernandes Filgueiras MESKO Norbert MILLS Jacqueline MIYAIRI Maya MODI Ritu MODRZEJEWSKA Adriana MODRZEJEWSKA Justyna MULGREW Kate E MYERS Taryn A NAMATAME Hikari NASSANI Mohammad Zakaria NERINI Amanda NETO Félix NETO Joana NEVES Angela Noguiera SIU-KUEN Ng NITHIYA Devi JIAQING O. OBEID Sahar ODA-MONTECINOS Camila OLAPEGBA Peter Olamakinde OLONISAKIN Tosin Tunrayo OMAR Salma Samir ÖRLYGSDÓTTIR Brynja ÖZSOY Emrah OTTERBRING Tobias PAHL Sabine PANASITI Maria Serena PARK Yonguk PATWARY Muhammad Mainuddin PETHÖ Tatiana PETROVA Nadezhda PIETSCHNIG Jakob POURMAHMOUD Sadaf PRABHU Vishnunarayan Girishan POŠTUVAN Vita PROKOP Pavol WINTER Virginia L Ramseyer RAZMUS Magdalena RU Taotao RUPAR Mirjana SAHLAN Reza N HASSAN Mohammad Salah ŠALOV Anđela SAPKOTA Saphal SARFO Jacob Owusu SAWAMIYA Yoko SCHAEFER Katrin SCHULTE-MECKLENBECK Michael SEEKIS Veya SELVI Kerim SHARIFI Mehdi SHRIVASTAVA Anita SIDDIQUE Rumana Ferdousi SIGURDSSON Valdimar SILKANE Vineta ŠIMUNIĆ Ana SINGH Govind SLEZÁČKOVÁ Alena SUNDGOT-BORGEN Christine HOOR Gill Ten TEVICHAPONG Passagorn TIPANDJAN Arun TODD Jennifer TOGAS Constantinos TONINI Fernando TOVAR-CASTRO Juan Camilo TRANGSRUD Lise Katrine Jepsen TRIPATHI Pankaj TUDOREL Otilia TYLKA Tracy L UYZBAYEVA Anar VALLY Zahir VANAGS Edmunds VEGA Luis Diego VICENTE-ARRUEBARRENA Aitor VIDAL-MOLLÓN Jose VILAR Roosevelt VILLEGAS Hyxia VINTILĂ Mona WALLNER Christoph WHITE Mathew P WHITEBRIDGE Simon WINDHAGER Sonja WONG Kah Yan YAU Eric Kenson YAMAMIYA Yuko YEUNG Victoria Wai Lan ZANETTI Marcelo Callegari ZAWISZA Magdalena ZEENI Nadine ZVARÍKOVÁ Martina VORACEK Martin
Year of publication	2023
Type	Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source	Body Image
MU Faculty or unit	Faculty of Medicine
Citation
Web	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144523001079?via%3Dihub
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.07.010
Keywords	Body appreciation; Body appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2); Measurement invariance; Cross-cultural; Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA); Psychometrics; Structural analysis
Description	The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset – with data collected between 2020 and 2022 – to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.